{"publication":"Abrol (1986)","year":1986,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_femorata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":10,"distance":500,"itd":2.76,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance - From Zurbuchen et al. (2010)"}
{"publication":"Abrol (1988)","year":1988,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_flavipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":20,"distance":800,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Abrol (1988)","year":1988,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_flavipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":700,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Abrol (1988)","year":1988,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_nana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":800,"itd":1.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Abrol (1988)","year":1988,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":500,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Abrol (1988)","year":1988,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_flavipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":500,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Abrol (1988)","year":1988,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_nana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":600,"itd":1.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Abrol (1988)","year":1988,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_nana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":400,"itd":1.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Amand et al. (2000)","year":2000,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_rotundata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1000,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"assumed rotundata as alfalfa'"}
{"publication":"Appanah (1979) in Appanah (1982)","year":1979,"region":"Asia","country":"Malaysia","habitat":"rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Heterotrigona","species":"Heterotrigona_erythrogastra","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1100,"itd":1.6,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Although recent studies reveal T. eythrogastra to forage up to 1100 m to some Elaeis palms outside the forest (Appanah, 1979b)"}
{"publication":"Araujo et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Central America","country":"Panama","habitat":"forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Cephalotrigona","species":"Cephalotrigona_capitata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":1650,"itd":2.3,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Source: Roubik & Aluja (1983) - Mean provided by Greenleaf"}
{"publication":"Araujo et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_fasciculata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":2470,"itd":3.32,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Source: Kerr (1987)"}
{"publication":"Araujo et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"South America","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_marginata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":800,"itd":2.3,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Source: Wille (1983)"}
{"publication":"Araujo et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_quadrifasciata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":2000,"itd":3,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Source: Kerr (1987)"}
{"publication":"Araujo et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","family":"Apidae","genus":"Plebeia","species":"Plebeia_droryana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":540,"itd":1.2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Source: Kerr (1987)"}
{"publication":"Araujo et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_spinipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":840,"itd":1.8,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Source: Kerr (1987)"}
{"publication":"Bacon et al. (1965)","year":1965,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_rotundata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":200,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Bansch et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":784,"distance":740,"se":26,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Bansch et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":784,"distance":7783,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Beekman and Ratnieks (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"moor","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":444,"distance":14500,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"August_96"}
{"publication":"Beekman and Ratnieks (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"moor","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":444,"distance":5500,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"August_96"}
{"publication":"Beekman and Ratnieks (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"moor","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":456,"distance":8500,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"May_97"}
{"publication":"Beekman and Ratnieks (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"moor","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":456,"distance":1000,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"May_97"}
{"publication":"Beekman et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":36,"distance":1020,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"S1 AUG"}
{"publication":"Beekman et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":36,"distance":670,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"S1 JULY"}
{"publication":"Beekman et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":40,"distance":1970,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"S2 AUG"}
{"publication":"Beekman et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":40,"distance":680,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"S2 JULY"}
{"publication":"Beekman et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":93,"distance":3010,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"L2 AUG"}
{"publication":"Beekman et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":93,"distance":620,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"L2 JULY"}
{"publication":"Beekman et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":119,"distance":2630,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"L1 AUG"}
{"publication":"Beekman et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":119,"distance":620,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"L1 JULY"}
{"publication":"Beil et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"natural - nature reserve","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Minimum","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":1,"distance":650,"itd":2.16,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Beil et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"natural - nature reserve","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_pilipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Minimum","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":1,"distance":1250,"itd":4.33,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Beil et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"natural - nature reserve","family":"Halictidae","genus":"Lasioglossum","species":"Lasioglossum_fulvicorne","sex":"Female","range.type":"Minimum","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":1,"distance":1250,"itd":1.34,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Beil et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"natural - nature reserve","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_flavipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Minimum","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":3,"distance":800,"sd":303.11,"itd":2.2,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Beil et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"natural - nature reserve","family":"Halictidae","genus":"Lasioglossum","species":"Lasioglossum_calceatum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Minimum","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":4,"distance":545,"sd":383.54,"itd":1.76,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Bennet et al. (2018)","year":2018,"region":"Australasia","country":"New Zealand","habitat":"urban","family":"Halictidae","genus":"Lasioglossum","species":"Lasioglossum_sordidum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Minimum","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":156.81,"itd":1.29,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Site 2 - Mean minimum to host plants"}
{"publication":"Bennet et al. (2018)","year":2018,"region":"Australasia","country":"New Zealand","habitat":"urban","family":"Halictidae","genus":"Lasioglossum","species":"Lasioglossum_sordidum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Minimum","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":115.5,"itd":1.29,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Site 1 - Mean minimum to host plants"}
{"publication":"Bohart and Nye (1956)","year":1956,"family":"Halictidae","genus":"Nomia","species":"Nomia_melanderi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":11265,"itd":2.7,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"\"forage as far as seven miles\""}
{"publication":"C. OToole (pers. comm)","year":2004,"family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_flavipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":500,"itd":2.2,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Greenleaf et al. (2007) pers.comm."}
{"publication":"C. OToole (pers. comm)","year":2004,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Anthophora","species":"Anthophora_fulvitarsis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1000,"itd":4.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Greenleaf et al. (2007) pers.comm."}
{"publication":"C. OToole (pers. comm)","year":2004,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":2800,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Greenleaf et al. (2007) pers.comm."}
{"publication":"C. OToole (pers. comm)","year":2004,"family":"Halictidae","genus":"Lasioglossum","species":"Lasioglossum_malachurum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":500,"itd":1.7,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Greenleaf et al. (2007) pers.comm."}
{"publication":"C. OToole (pers. comm)","year":2004,"family":"Halictidae","genus":"Lasioglossum","species":"Lasioglossum_pauxillum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":480,"itd":1.1,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Greenleaf et al. (2007) pers.comm."}
{"publication":"C. OToole (pers. comm)","year":2004,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_rufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1000,"itd":5.8,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Greenleaf et al. (2007) pers.comm."}
{"publication":"Campbell et al. (2019)","year":2019,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"tropical rainforest/urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Scaptotrigona","species":"Scaptotrigona_postica","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":1407,"distance":860,"ci95":27,"itd":1.82,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90%"}
{"publication":"Campbell et al. (2019)","year":2019,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"tropical rainforest/urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Scaptotrigona","species":"Scaptotrigona_postica","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":1407,"distance":392,"ci95":17,"itd":1.82,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50%"}
{"publication":"Carvell et al. (2012)","year":2012,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":66,"distance":755,"se":44.2,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Carvell et al. (2012)","year":2012,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":45,"distance":775,"se":65.6,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Carvell et al. (2012)","year":2012,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":45,"distance":1597,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Carvell et al. (2012)","year":2012,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":66,"distance":1579,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Cavigliasso et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"South America","country":"Argentina","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pauloensis","sex":"Female_Queen","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":10,"distance":522.71,"sd":350.25,"se":110.76,"itd":4.06,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"after_nest_establishment"}
{"publication":"Cavigliasso et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"South America","country":"Argentina","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pauloensis","sex":"Female_Queen","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":7,"distance":813.82,"sd":421.77,"se":159.41,"itd":4.06,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"before_nest_establishment"}
{"publication":"Chapman et al. (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":66,"distance":3900,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Max max"}
{"publication":"Chapman et al. (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":66,"distance":2800,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Max median"}
{"publication":"Chapman et al. (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":66,"distance":870,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Min max"}
{"publication":"Chapman et al. (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":66,"distance":620,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Min median"}
{"publication":"Chapman et al. (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":96,"distance":3200,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Max max"}
{"publication":"Chapman et al. (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":96,"distance":2300,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Max median"}
{"publication":"Chapman et al. (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":96,"distance":720,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Min max"}
{"publication":"Chapman et al. (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":96,"distance":510,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Min median - only range provided"}
{"publication":"Charman et al. (2010)","year":2010,"region":"Europe","country":"Scotland","habitat":"natural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_distinguendus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":770,"itd":5.36,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Charman et al. (2010)","year":2010,"region":"Europe","country":"Scotland","habitat":"natural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_distinguendus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":955,"itd":5.36,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"max_95"}
{"publication":"Charman et al. (2010)","year":2010,"region":"Europe","country":"Scotland","habitat":"natural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_distinguendus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mode","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":391,"itd":5.36,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Chmurzynski et al. (1998)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Poland","habitat":"forest","family":"Melittidae","genus":"Dasypoda","species":"Dasypoda_hirtipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":30,"distance":4000,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Chmurzynski et al. (1998)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Poland","habitat":"forest","family":"Melittidae","genus":"Dasypoda","species":"Dasypoda_hirtipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":30,"distance":1700,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Connop et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"Seminatural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_humilis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":55,"distance":2530,"itd":4.77,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Connop et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"Seminatural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_humilis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":55,"distance":475,"itd":4.77,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Connop et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"Seminatural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_sylvarum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":94,"distance":2280,"itd":3.18,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Connop et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"Seminatural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_sylvarum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":94,"distance":231,"itd":3.18,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Costa et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_seminigra","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":810,"distance":1287,"se":99,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Exp3 Colony 2"}
{"publication":"Costa et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_seminigra","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":810,"distance":1339,"se":127,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Exp3 Colony 1"}
{"publication":"Costa et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_seminigra","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":810,"distance":2489,"se":171,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Exp3 Colony 2"}
{"publication":"Costa et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_seminigra","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":810,"distance":1651,"se":218,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Exp3 Colony 3"}
{"publication":"Costa et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_seminigra","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":810,"distance":3071,"se":236,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Exp3 Colony 1"}
{"publication":"Couvillon et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":922,"distance":1074,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"pollen foragers"}
{"publication":"Couvillon et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":4562,"distance":1408,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"nectar foragers"}
{"publication":"Crowther et al. (2019)","year":2019,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_hypnorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":62,"distance":601,"itd":4.02,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Crowther et al. (2019)","year":2019,"region":"Europe","country":"England","habitat":"mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_hypnorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":62,"distance":103.6,"itd":4.02,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"da Silva Correia et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_grandis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":390,"distance":2730,"itd":3.21,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Observed homing distance"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":1347,"distance":1015,"se":26,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":116,"distance":426.34,"sd":304.25,"se":28.25,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Waldbrunn"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":86,"distance":590.15,"sd":407.92,"se":43.99,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Birkenfeld"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":116,"distance":1482.65,"sd":662.97,"se":61.56,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Biebelried"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":115,"distance":773.23,"sd":768.9,"se":71.7,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Greussenheim"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":81,"distance":1045.64,"sd":658.85,"se":73.21,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Euerfeld"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":72,"distance":827.6,"sd":733.75,"se":86.47,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Gerbrunn"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":101,"distance":995.04,"sd":876.86,"se":87.25,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Obersfeld"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":46,"distance":901.78,"sd":597.62,"se":88.11,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Duttenbrunn"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":95,"distance":1106.26,"sd":960.15,"se":98.51,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Gambach"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":89,"distance":1153.71,"sd":1044.57,"se":110.72,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Estenfeld"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":61,"distance":521.68,"sd":910.28,"se":116.55,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Marktbreit"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":71,"distance":1293.71,"sd":1023.84,"se":121.51,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Karsbach"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":70,"distance":1070.67,"sd":1034.44,"se":123.64,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Erlabrunn"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":82,"distance":1659.73,"sd":1258.27,"se":138.95,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Pleichfeld"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":61,"distance":1052.99,"sd":1112.56,"se":142.45,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Winterhausen"}
{"publication":"Danner et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":84,"distance":1347.97,"sd":1572.39,"se":171.56,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Retzstadt"}
{"publication":"Darvill et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"agriculture woodland urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":97,"distance":3750,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Sister-pair at 7.5km - authors argue they forage at reduced distances - as above"}
{"publication":"Darvill et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"agriculture woodland urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":97,"distance":625,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Darvill et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"agriculture woodland urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":237,"distance":5000,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Sister-pair at 10km - max distance tested"}
{"publication":"Darvill et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"agriculture woodland urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":237,"distance":312.5,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Desjardins and De Oliveir (2006)","year":2006,"region":"North America","country":"Canada","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_impatiens","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":400,"itd":3.38,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Dhaliwal and Sharma (1973)","year":1973,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1100,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Barberry"}
{"publication":"Dhaliwal and Sharma (1973)","year":1973,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":900,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Cauliflower"}
{"publication":"Dyer and Seeley (1991)","year":1991,"region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","habitat":"Tropical rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1900,"sd":400,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Max = mean maximum"}
{"publication":"Dyer and Seeley (1991)","year":1991,"region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","habitat":"Tropical rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":7900,"sd":900,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Max = mean maximum"}
{"publication":"Dyer and Seeley (1991)","year":1991,"region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","habitat":"Tropical rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":11200,"sd":2500,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Max = mean maximum"}
{"publication":"Dyer and Seeley (1991)","year":1991,"region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","habitat":"Tropical rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":12000,"sd":6100,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Max = mean maximum"}
{"publication":"Dyer and Seeley (1991)","year":1991,"region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","habitat":"Tropical rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":195,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"50%"}
{"publication":"Dyer and Seeley (1991)","year":1991,"region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","habitat":"Tropical rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":863,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"50%"}
{"publication":"Dyer and Seeley (1991)","year":1991,"region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","habitat":"Tropical rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":268,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Taken empirical data, not data from other sources (see additional references). Mean = 50%"}
{"publication":"Dyer and Seeley (1991)","year":1991,"region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","habitat":"Tropical rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1650,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"50%"}
{"publication":"Esser (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","family":"Colletidae","genus":"Colletes","species":"Colletes_daviesanus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":74,"distance":2225,"itd":3.76,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Zurbuchen et al. (2010)"}
{"publication":"Fabre (1914)","year":1914,"region":"Europe","country":"France","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_parietina","sex":"Female","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":4000,"itd":4.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance"}
{"publication":"Fabre (1914)","year":1914,"region":"Europe","country":"France","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_sicula","sex":"Female","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":4000,"itd":4.3,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance"}
{"publication":"Franzen et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"Europe","country":"Sweden","habitat":"Mixed agriculture/wild","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_hattorfiana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":80,"distance":83,"itd":4.26,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Smaland"}
{"publication":"Franzen et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"Europe","country":"Sweden","habitat":"Mixed agriculture/wild","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_hattorfiana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":80,"distance":52,"itd":4.26,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Smaland"}
{"publication":"Franzen et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"Europe","country":"Sweden","habitat":"Mixed agriculture/wild","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_hattorfiana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":171,"distance":130,"itd":4.26,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Arontorp"}
{"publication":"Franzen et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"Europe","country":"Sweden","habitat":"Mixed agriculture/wild","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_hattorfiana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":171,"distance":76,"itd":4.26,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Arontorp"}
{"publication":"Franzen et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"Europe","country":"Sweden","habitat":"Mixed agriculture/wild","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_hattorfiana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":131,"itd":4.26,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"between patch"}
{"publication":"Garbuzov et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":50,"distance":846,"ci95":235,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"October"}
{"publication":"Garbuzov et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":61,"distance":518,"ci95":86,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"April"}
{"publication":"Garbuzov et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":95,"distance":685,"ci95":96,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"September"}
{"publication":"Garbuzov et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":116,"distance":670,"ci95":110,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"June"}
{"publication":"Garbuzov et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":166,"distance":589,"ci95":64,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"August"}
{"publication":"Garbuzov et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":209,"distance":1229,"ci95":175,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"July"}
{"publication":"Garbuzov et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":234,"distance":461,"ci95":41,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"May"}
{"publication":"Gary (1972)","year":1972,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":37,"distance":1186,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"morning glory"}
{"publication":"Gary (1972)","year":1972,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":59,"distance":705,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"yellow star thistle"}
{"publication":"Gary (1972)","year":1972,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":559,"distance":1663,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"carrot"}
{"publication":"Gary (1972)","year":1972,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":580,"distance":557,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"onions"}
{"publication":"Gary (1972)","year":1972,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":6117,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"carrot"}
{"publication":"Gary (1972)","year":1972,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":4346,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"mixed"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_bicornis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":27,"distance":900,"itd":3.04,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90%"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_bicornis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":27,"distance":500,"itd":3.04,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50%"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_barbilabris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":36,"distance":530,"itd":2.1,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90%"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_barbilabris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":36,"distance":120,"itd":2.1,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50%"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_flavipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":36,"distance":415,"itd":2.2,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90%"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_flavipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":36,"distance":150,"itd":2.2,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50%"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Eucera","species":"Eucera_salicariae","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":40,"distance":400,"itd":2.1,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90% - Data from Molitor 1936/37"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Eucera","species":"Eucera_salicariae","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":40,"distance":185,"itd":2.1,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50% - Data from Molitor 1936/37"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_vaga","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":42,"distance":510,"itd":2.8,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90%"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1998,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_vaga","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":42,"distance":260,"itd":2.8,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50%"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1996,"family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_barbilabris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":300,"itd":2.1,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Wesserling (1996)"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1996,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_barbilabris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":500,"itd":2.1,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Witt (1992)"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1987,"family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_cineraria","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":300,"itd":3,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Gebhardt and Rohr (1987) - Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1987,"family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_clarkella","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":300,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Gebhardt and Rohr (1987) - Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1996,"family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_flavipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":300,"itd":2.2,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Wesserling (1996)"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1996,"family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Andrena","species":"Andrena_vaga","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":300,"itd":2.8,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Wesserling (1996)"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1996,"family":"Colletidae","genus":"Colletes","species":"Colletes_cunicularius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":400,"itd":4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Wesserling (1996)"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1996,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_lapponica","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":600,"itd":2.8,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Wesserling (1996)"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1982,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_maritima","range.type":"Max","distance":150,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Haeseler (1982)"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":1937,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_mustelina","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":1000,"itd":3.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Molitor (1937)"}
{"publication":"Gathmann and Tscharntke (2002)","year":2002,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_violacea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","distance":1200,"itd":7.8,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Molitor (1937)"}
{"publication":"Geib et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"subalpine","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_flavifrons","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":30,"distance":23.8,"se":10.1,"itd":3.39,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Geib et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"subalpine","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_balteatus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":15,"distance":85.4,"se":15,"itd":3.7,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Geib et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"subalpine","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_bifarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":8,"distance":110.25,"se":41.7,"itd":2.94,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Geib et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"subalpine","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_sylvicola","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":5,"distance":74.7,"se":56.3,"itd":3.18,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Geib et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"subalpine","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_sylvicola","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":5,"distance":340.5,"itd":3.18,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"sister distance divided by 2"}
{"publication":"Geib et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"subalpine","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_bifarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":8,"distance":270.5,"itd":2.94,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"sister distance divided by 2"}
{"publication":"Geib et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"subalpine","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_balteatus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":15,"distance":270.5,"itd":3.7,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"sister distance divided by 2"}
{"publication":"Geib et al. (2015)","year":2015,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"subalpine","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_flavifrons","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":30,"distance":252.5,"itd":3.39,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"sister distance divided by 2"}
{"publication":"Goulson and Stout (2001)","year":2001,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":56,"distance":9580,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - from publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Goulson and Stout (2001)","year":2001,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":56,"distance":1250,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - from publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Guedot et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_lignaria","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":30,"distance":1121,"se":60,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50%"}
{"publication":"Guedot et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_lignaria","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":30,"distance":1494,"se":108,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90%"}
{"publication":"Hagen et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"mixed rural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_ruderatus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":1,"distance":1943,"itd":5.58,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hagen et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"mixed rural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":4,"distance":2535,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hagler et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":991,"distance":864.9,"sd":919,"se":29.19,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"2007"}
{"publication":"Hagler et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":614,"distance":738.1,"sd":732,"se":29.54,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"2006"}
{"publication":"Hagler et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":991,"distance":5983,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"2007"}
{"publication":"Hembach (1993)","year":1993,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Hoplitis","species":"Hoplitis_adunca","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":180,"itd":2.46,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Foraging distance - german"}
{"publication":"Herrmann (1999)","year":1999,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Chelostoma","species":"Chelostoma_florisomne","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":6,"distance":2000,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance - German"}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_bicornis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":121,"sd":44.6,"itd":3.04,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Chelostoma","species":"Chelostoma_rapunculi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":104,"sd":45.2,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Chelostoma","species":"Chelostoma_florisomne","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":82,"sd":58.7,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Heriades","species":"Heriades_truncorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":73,"sd":62.6,"itd":1.48,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_cornuta","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":107,"sd":67.9,"itd":3.36,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Hoplitis","species":"Hoplitis_adunca","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":112,"sd":77.3,"itd":2.46,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_cornuta","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":106,"sd":107.5,"itd":3.36,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Chelostoma","species":"Chelostoma_florisomne","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":174,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Chelostoma","species":"Chelostoma_rapunculi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":178,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Heriades","species":"Heriades_truncorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":298,"itd":1.48,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Hoplitis","species":"Hoplitis_adunca","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":287,"itd":2.46,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_bicornis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":250,"itd":3.04,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_cornuta","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":724,"itd":3.36,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Hofmann et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"urban","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_cornuta","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":226,"itd":3.36,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Jaffe et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_spinipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":6,"distance":4350,"itd":1.8,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"sister-pair divided by 2"}
{"publication":"Jaffe et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_spinipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":6,"distance":871,"itd":1.8,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"sister-pair divided by 2"}
{"publication":"Janzen (1971)","year":1971,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"lowland rainforest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Eufriesea","species":"Eufriesea_surinamensis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":24,"distance":23000,"itd":5.6,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance"}
{"publication":"Jha and Kremen (2013)","year":2013,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Seminatural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":60,"distance":2783,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kaehler et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonisca","species":"Tetragonisca_fiebrigi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":600,"itd":1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"ITD from T. angustula"}
{"publication":"Kapyla (1978)","year":1978,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Chelostoma","species":"Chelostoma_florisomne","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":300,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Kitamura (1969)","year":1969,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_cornifrons","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":800,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Kitamura (1969)","year":1969,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_cornifrons","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":600,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Kitamura (1969)","year":1954,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_pedicornis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":700,"itd":3.3,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance - From Kawamura (1954)"}
{"publication":"Kitamura (1969)","year":1969,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_pedicornis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":500,"itd":3.3,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance"}
{"publication":"Knight et al. (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":184,"distance":1500,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Maximum - largest distance with sister pair"}
{"publication":"Knight et al. (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":184,"distance":449,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"\"Minimum maximum\""}
{"publication":"Knight et al. (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pratorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":203,"distance":1500,"itd":3.86,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Maximum - largest distance with sister pair"}
{"publication":"Knight et al. (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pratorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":203,"distance":674,"itd":3.86,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"\"Minimum maximum\""}
{"publication":"Knight et al. (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":203,"distance":1500,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Maximum - largest distance with sister pair"}
{"publication":"Knight et al. (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":203,"distance":758,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"\"Minimum maximum\""}
{"publication":"Knight et al. (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":379,"distance":1250,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Maximum - largest distance with sister pair"}
{"publication":"Knight et al. (2005)","year":2005,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":379,"distance":450,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"\"Minimum maximum\""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":123,"distance":94.57,"sd":68.69,"se":6.19,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":110,"distance":100.7,"sd":74.87,"se":7.14,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":69,"distance":204.87,"sd":77.42,"se":9.32,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":136,"distance":137.7,"sd":155.25,"se":13.31,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":92,"distance":128.98,"sd":134.49,"se":14.02,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":60,"distance":240.96,"sd":160.82,"se":20.76,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":113,"distance":339.89,"sd":249.29,"se":23.45,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":109,"distance":315.1,"sd":249.74,"se":23.92,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":75,"distance":313.72,"sd":267.09,"se":30.84,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":83,"distance":180.06,"sd":401.43,"se":44.06,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":40,"distance":286.7,"sd":406.37,"se":64.25,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":135,"distance":566.15,"sd":781.72,"se":67.28,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":40,"distance":2113.43,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":60,"distance":792.63,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":69,"distance":388.34,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":75,"distance":975.36,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":83,"distance":2566.5,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":92,"distance":755.81,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":109,"distance":1423.94,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":110,"distance":430.84,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":113,"distance":1311.45,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":123,"distance":296.65,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_dorsata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":135,"distance":2909.02,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kohl et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_florea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":136,"distance":870.37,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kreyer et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"forest grassland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":800,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kreyer et al. (2004)","year":2004,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"forest grassland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":2200,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Kuhn-Neto et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_mandacaia","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":2100,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Table 1. Large foragers - Colony 1"}
{"publication":"Kuhn-Neto et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_mandacaia","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":1840,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Table 1. Small foragers - Colony 2"}
{"publication":"Kuhn-Neto et al. (2009)","year":2009,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_mandacaia","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":1560,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Table 1. Small foragers - Colony 3"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":362.5,"se":21.39,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Colony1"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":379.17,"se":53.33,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Colony2"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":340.83,"se":26.91,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Colony3"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":395,"se":30.66,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Colony4"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":805,"se":64.34,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Colony1"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":890.83,"se":83.93,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Colony2"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":749.17,"se":80.9,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Colony3"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":915.83,"se":111.91,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Colony4"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":293.33,"se":26.12,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Colony1"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":349.44,"se":53.19,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Colony2"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":277.78,"se":29.42,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Colony3"}
{"publication":"Layek et al. (2021)","year":2021,"region":"Asia","country":"India","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":358.89,"se":46.89,"itd":1.15,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Colony4"}
{"publication":"Linsley and McSwain (1942)","year":1942,"region":"North America","country":"USA","family":"Apidae","genus":"Anthophora","species":"Anthophora_linsleyi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1600,"itd":3.6,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"a factor which necessitated a flight of more than a mile from the nesting region"}
{"publication":"Menke (1954)","year":1954,"family":"Halictidae","genus":"Nomia","species":"Nomia_melanderi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1600,"itd":2.7,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Michener (1974)","year":1974,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_cerana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":800,"itd":2.34,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007) - Table S2 - Foraging trips cease distance"}
{"publication":"Michener (1974)","year":1974,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":12000,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007) - Table S2 - Foraging trips cease distance"}
{"publication":"Michener (1974)","year":1974,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":2800,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007) - Table S2 - Foraging trips cease distance"}
{"publication":"Michener (1974)","year":1974,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":2500,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007) - Table S2 - Foraging trips cease distance"}
{"publication":"Michener (1974)","year":1974,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Plebeia","species":"Plebeia_mosquito","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":500,"itd":1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007) - Table S2 - Foraging trips cease distance"}
{"publication":"Michener (1974)","year":1974,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_iridipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":100,"itd":1.2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007) - Table S2 - Foraging trips cease distance"}
{"publication":"Michener (1974)","year":1974,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_amalthea","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":1000,"itd":2.3,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007) - Table S2 - Foraging trips cease distance"}
{"publication":"Michener (1974)","year":1974,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_spinipes","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":800,"itd":1.8,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007) - Table S2 - Foraging trips cease distance"}
{"publication":"Mola et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"montane","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vancouverensis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":39,"distance":95.8,"sd":103,"se":16.49,"itd":3.85,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Mola et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"montane","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":66,"distance":448,"sd":546,"se":67.21,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Mola et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"montane","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vancouverensis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":39,"distance":726,"itd":3.85,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Mola et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"montane","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":66,"distance":3709,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Molitor (1937)","year":1937,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Hoplitis","species":"Hoplitis_anthocopoides","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":150,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance from Gathmann & Tcharntke (2002)"}
{"publication":"Molitor (1937)","year":1937,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Rhodanthidium","species":"Rhodanthidium_septemdentatum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":1200,"itd":3.28,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Observed homing distance from Zurbuchen et al. (2010)"}
{"publication":"Munster-Swendsen (1968)","year":1968,"family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Panurgus","species":"Panurgus_banksianus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":250,"itd":2.2,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":""}
{"publication":"Nagamitsu and Yamagishi (2009)","year":2009,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":782,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Nagamitsu and Yamagishi (2009)","year":2009,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Mixed use","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":264.5,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Nagamitsu et al. (2012)","year":2012,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_diversus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":723,"itd":3.85,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Nagamitsu et al. (2012)","year":2012,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_diversus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":175.5,"itd":3.85,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Nagamitsu et al. (2012)","year":2012,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_hypocrita","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":848,"itd":5.4,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Nagamitsu et al. (2012)","year":2012,"region":"Asia","country":"Japan","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_hypocrita","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":293,"itd":5.4,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Neff and Danforth (1991)","year":1991,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"woodland grassland","family":"Andrenidae","genus":"Macrotera","species":"Macrotera_texana","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","distance":190,"itd":2.3,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Max - diameter of foraging range"}
{"publication":"Nunes-Silva et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"urban - forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_fasciculata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":315,"distance":2089.28,"se":228.27,"itd":3.32,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Experiment 1"}
{"publication":"Nunes-Silva et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"urban - forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_fasciculata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":315,"distance":5934.64,"se":968.42,"itd":3.32,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Experiment 1"}
{"publication":"Nunes-Silva et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"urban - forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_fasciculata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":180,"distance":4819.52,"se":387.48,"itd":3.32,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Experiment 2"}
{"publication":"Nunes-Silva et al. (2020)","year":2020,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"urban - forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_fasciculata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":180,"distance":9736.04,"se":926.04,"itd":3.32,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Experiment 2"}
{"publication":"Osborne et al. (1999)","year":1999,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":30,"distance":201,"se":18.7,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Mean max - August"}
{"publication":"Osborne et al. (1999)","year":1999,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":65,"distance":339,"se":26.2,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Mean max - June"}
{"publication":"Osborne et al. (1999)","year":1999,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":30,"distance":556,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Max range - August"}
{"publication":"Osborne et al. (1999)","year":1999,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":65,"distance":631,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Max range - June"}
{"publication":"Osborne et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":297,"distance":1625,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Max distance"}
{"publication":"Osborne et al. (2013)","year":2013,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":28,"distance":690.85,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"3rd trip"}
{"publication":"Osborne et al. (2013)","year":2013,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":28,"distance":688.85,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"2nd trip"}
{"publication":"Osborne et al. (2013)","year":2013,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Median","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":28,"distance":297.24,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"1st trip"}
{"publication":"Packer (1970)","year":1970,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_rotundata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1800,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Packer (1970)","year":1970,"family":"Halictidae","genus":"Nomia","species":"Nomia_melanderi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":7100,"itd":2.7,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Packer (1970)","year":1970,"family":"Halictidae","genus":"Nomia","species":"Nomia_melanderi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1800,"itd":2.7,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Packer (1970)","year":1970,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_rotundata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":400,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Packer (1970)","year":1970,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_rotundata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":700,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Pahl et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":5511.5,"se":567.91,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - North"}
{"publication":"Pahl et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":2626.22,"se":309.14,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - North"}
{"publication":"Pahl et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":5988.6,"se":634.13,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - South"}
{"publication":"Pahl et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":2602.93,"se":261.89,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - South"}
{"publication":"Pahl et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":9570.9,"se":687.78,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - East"}
{"publication":"Pahl et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":5261.24,"se":314.66,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - East"}
{"publication":"Pahl et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":5234.7,"se":588,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - West"}
{"publication":"Pahl et al. (2011)","year":2011,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"mixed","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":2718.78,"se":260.71,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - West"}
{"publication":"Pasquet et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_flavorufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":28,"distance":6040,"itd":7.68,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Kaskazi many flowers"}
{"publication":"Pasquet et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_flavorufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":28,"distance":2092,"itd":7.68,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Kaskazi many flowers"}
{"publication":"Pasquet et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_flavorufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":31,"distance":5000,"itd":7.68,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Kusi sunny"}
{"publication":"Pasquet et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_flavorufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":31,"distance":887,"itd":7.68,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Kusi sunny"}
{"publication":"Pasquet et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_flavorufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":34,"distance":2340,"itd":7.68,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Kaskazi few flowers"}
{"publication":"Pasquet et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_flavorufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":34,"distance":759,"itd":7.68,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Kaskazi few flowers"}
{"publication":"Pasquet et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_flavorufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":41,"distance":1390,"itd":7.68,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Kusi rainy"}
{"publication":"Pasquet et al. (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_flavorufa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"tracking","N":41,"distance":585,"itd":7.68,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Kusi rainy"}
{"publication":"Rao and Strange (2012)","year":2012,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":4,"distance":4790,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Rao and Strange (2012)","year":2012,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":4,"distance":2210,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Rao and Strange (2012)","year":2012,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":11570,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"centroid"}
{"publication":"Rao et al. (2019)","year":2019,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":105,"distance":2121.85,"se":981.26,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - East"}
{"publication":"Rao et al. (2019)","year":2019,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":105,"distance":8399.47,"se":1299.73,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - East"}
{"publication":"Rao et al. (2019)","year":2019,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":105,"distance":1147.35,"se":2648.33,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - West"}
{"publication":"Rao et al. (2019)","year":2019,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_vosnesenskii","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":105,"distance":17709.8,"se":4375.91,"itd":3.64,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - West"}
{"publication":"Rau (1929, 1931)","year":1929,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"wooded hills/open fields","family":"Apidae","genus":"Anthophora","species":"Anthophora_abrupta","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":2300,"itd":3.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Rau (1929, 1931)","year":1929,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"wooded hills/open fields","family":"Apidae","genus":"Anthophora","species":"Anthophora_abrupta","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":500,"itd":3.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Rau (1929, 1931)","year":1929,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"wooded hills/open fields","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_virginica","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":13000,"itd":5.6,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Rau (1929, 1931)","year":1929,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"wooded hills/open fields","family":"Apidae","genus":"Xylocopa","species":"Xylocopa_virginica","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":7500,"itd":5.6,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":271,"distance":536,"se":16.02,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":123,"distance":337,"se":19.92,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_hortorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":48,"distance":273,"se":20.15,"itd":4.56,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_ruderatus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":42,"distance":502,"se":33.71,"itd":5.58,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":69,"distance":551,"se":39.83,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_ruderatus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":42,"distance":2350,"itd":5.58,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_hortorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":48,"distance":810,"itd":4.56,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":69,"distance":2878,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":123,"distance":1808,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Redhead et al. (2016)","year":2016,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","N":271,"distance":2059,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Robertson (1966)","year":1966,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_rotundata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":100,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Rodrigues and Ribeiro (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - savanna","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_mandacaia","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":600,"distance":489.32,"se":106.51,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - mixed group"}
{"publication":"Rodrigues and Ribeiro (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - savanna","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_mandacaia","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":113,"distance":1323.89,"se":108.35,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - exp group"}
{"publication":"Rodrigues and Ribeiro (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - savanna","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_mandacaia","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":600,"distance":2029.92,"se":129.12,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - mixed group"}
{"publication":"Rodrigues and Ribeiro (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - savanna","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_mandacaia","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":113,"distance":2252.95,"se":177.14,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - exp group"}
{"publication":"Roubik (1992)","year":1992,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Scaptotrigona","species":"Scaptotrigona_luteipennis","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":1300,"itd":2,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Roubik and Aluja (1983)","year":1983,"region":"Central America","country":"Panama","habitat":"forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Cephalotrigona","species":"Cephalotrigona_capitata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":167,"distance":1547,"itd":2.3,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Observed homing distance"}
{"publication":"Roubik and Aluja (1983)","year":1983,"region":"Central America","country":"Panama","habitat":"forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_fasciata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":228,"distance":2085,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Observed homing distance"}
{"publication":"Rust (1990)","year":1990,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"meadow","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_lignaria","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":600,"itd":2.9,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Saville et al. (1997)","year":1997,"region":"Europe","country":"Norway","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lucorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":36,"distance":350,"itd":4.12,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Schaffer and Wratten (1994)","year":1994,"region":"Australasia","country":"New Zealand","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":8,"distance":82.45,"sd":10.76,"se":3.81,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Fewer than 3% of the bees travelled further than 100m within the crop"}
{"publication":"Schaffer and Wratten (1994)","year":1994,"region":"Australasia","country":"New Zealand","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":650,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Max distance seen on weeds before crop full-bloom"}
{"publication":"Schmid-Egger et al. (1995)","year":1995,"family":"Colletidae","genus":"Colletes","species":"Colletes_hederae","range.type":"Max","distance":400,"itd":3.2,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"German"}
{"publication":"Schneider and Hall (1997)","year":1997,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1041,"sd":38,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"African - nectar"}
{"publication":"Schneider and Hall (1997)","year":1997,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1202,"sd":82,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Hybrids - nectar"}
{"publication":"Schneider and Hall (1997)","year":1997,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1085,"sd":143,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"African - pollen"}
{"publication":"Schneider and Hall (1997)","year":1997,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1402,"sd":336,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Hybrids - pollen"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":150,"distance":1974.51,"se":153.85,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Colony2"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":150,"distance":2056.53,"se":168.05,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Colony1"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":150,"distance":2654.43,"se":194.2,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - Colony3"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":150,"distance":3652.33,"se":358.99,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Colony2"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":150,"distance":3901.41,"se":412.5,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Colony1"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":150,"distance":4394.19,"se":450.18,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - Colony3"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":1160,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Table 1. Colony 1"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":1120,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Table 1. Colony 2"}
{"publication":"Silva et al. (2014)","year":2014,"region":"South America","country":"Brazil","habitat":"natural - scrub shrub","family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_subnitida","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":1080,"itd":2.24,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Table 1. Colony 3"}
{"publication":"Smith et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"natural - bushland with agriculture in distance","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_carbonaria","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":100,"distance":700,"itd":1.23,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90%"}
{"publication":"Smith et al. (2017)","year":2017,"region":"Australia","country":"Australia","habitat":"natural - bushland with agriculture in distance","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonula","species":"Tetragonula_carbonaria","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":100,"distance":333,"itd":1.23,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50%"}
{"publication":"Southwick and Buchmann (1995)","year":1995,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"desert","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":4300,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - publ. equation - Mountain site"}
{"publication":"Southwick and Buchmann (1995)","year":1995,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"desert","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":630,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - publ. equation - Arizona site"}
{"publication":"Southwick and Buchmann (1995)","year":1995,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"desert","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":730,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - publ. equation - New York site"}
{"publication":"Southwick and Buchmann (1995)","year":1995,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"desert","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":8300,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - publ. equation - Mountain site"}
{"publication":"Southwick and Buchmann (1995)","year":1995,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":3770,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - publ. equation - Arizona site"}
{"publication":"Southwick and Buchmann (1995)","year":1995,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":3430,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - publ. equation - New York site"}
{"publication":"Steffan-Dewenter and Kuhn (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1518.2,"sd":51.3,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"July"}
{"publication":"Steffan-Dewenter and Kuhn (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1319,"sd":53.2,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"May"}
{"publication":"Steffan-Dewenter and Kuhn (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1786,"sd":96.6,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"June"}
{"publication":"Steffan-Dewenter and Kuhn (2003)","year":2003,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":10037.1,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Tasei and Delaude (1984)","year":1984,"family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_rotundata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":100,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"French"}
{"publication":"Tepedino (1983)","year":1983,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Megachile","species":"Megachile_rotundata","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":500,"itd":2.4,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Nannotrigona","species":"Nannotrigona_perilampoides","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":120,"itd":1.4,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Fig 2"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Nannotrigona","species":"Nannotrigona_perilampoides","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":523,"itd":1.4,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Nannotrigona","species":"Nannotrigona_perilampoides","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":123,"itd":1.4,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Partamona","species":"Partamona_cupira","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":520,"itd":1.8,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Fig 2"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Partamona","species":"Partamona_cupira","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":668,"itd":1.8,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Partamona","species":"Partamona_cupira","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":134,"itd":1.8,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonisca","species":"Tetragonisca_angustula","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":680,"itd":1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Fig 2"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Tetragonisca","species":"Tetragonisca_angustula","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":656,"itd":1,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_corvina","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":227,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% - publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_corvina","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":653,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% - publ. equation"}
{"publication":"Van Nieuwstadt and Iraheta (1996)","year":1996,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"savannah woodland","family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_corvina","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"feeder","distance":320,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Fig 2"}
{"publication":"Vansell and Todd (1946)","year":1946,"family":"Halictidae","genus":"Nomia","species":"Nomia_melanderi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Unclassifiable","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","distance":2400,"itd":2.7,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"From Greenleaf et al. (2007)"}
{"publication":"Vicens and Bosch (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"Spain","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_cornuta","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":50,"distance":1945.43,"se":62.04,"itd":3.36,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 50%"}
{"publication":"Vicens and Bosch (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"Spain","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Osmia","species":"Osmia_cornuta","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","N":50,"distance":2214.08,"se":108.71,"itd":3.36,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Return rate 90%"}
{"publication":"Visscher and Seeley (1982)","year":1982,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","N":36,"distance":2260,"sd":1890,"se":315,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"pooled est - has per day estimates also but not all days reported"}
{"publication":"Visscher and Seeley (1982)","year":1982,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"forest","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":10100,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"von Frisch (1967)","year":1967,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":13500,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":416.21,"sd":96.87,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA2_4"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":404.6,"sd":102.84,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA2_5"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":505.99,"sd":114.96,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"FL2_1"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":637.45,"sd":127.11,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"FL1_2"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":794.51,"sd":133.16,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"FL1_1"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":803.32,"sd":139.27,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"FL2_2"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":700.63,"sd":151.39,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA2_3"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":643.95,"sd":157.42,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"FL1_3"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1094.63,"sd":175.6,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"FL2_3"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":529.19,"sd":175.67,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"FL1_4"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":724.02,"sd":193.74,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA2_1"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":861.63,"sd":199.86,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA1_3"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":970.31,"sd":266.46,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA1_2"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1377.19,"sd":284.63,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA1_4"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":804.1,"sd":290.85,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"FL2_4"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":609.29,"sd":321.06,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA2_2"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":866.84,"sd":327.08,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA1_1"}
{"publication":"Waddington et al. (1994)","year":1994,"region":"North America","country":"USA","habitat":"urban","family":"Apidae","genus":"Apis","species":"Apis_mellifera","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"waggle dance","distance":1450.44,"sd":333.16,"itd":2.95,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"CA1_5"}
{"publication":"Walther-Hellwig and Frankl (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_muscorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":13,"distance":500,"itd":3.1,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Walther-Hellwig and Frankl (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":13,"distance":1750,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Walther-Hellwig and Frankl (2000)","year":2000,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":22,"distance":1500,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Westphal et al. (2006)","year":2006,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"mixed agriculture semi-natural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pratorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":52,"distance":250,"itd":3.86,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Westphal et al. (2006)","year":2006,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"mixed agriculture semi-natural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":242,"distance":1000,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Westphal et al. (2006)","year":2006,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"mixed agriculture semi-natural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":1155,"distance":2750,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Westphal et al. (2006)","year":2006,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"mixed agriculture semi-natural","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":1874,"distance":3000,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Wille (1976)","year":1976,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Melipona","species":"Melipona_fuligonosa","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":2000,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"Observed homing distance - Spanish - listed as M. flavipennis"}
{"publication":"Wille (1976)","year":1976,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_amalthea","sex":"Female","distance":800,"itd":2.3,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Kerr 1959"}
{"publication":"Wille (1976)","year":1976,"family":"Apidae","genus":"Trigona","species":"Trigona_corvina","sex":"Female","distance":600,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Highly Eusocial","notes":"From Kerr 1959"}
{"publication":"Wille and Orozco (1970)","year":1984,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"pasture/rainforest","family":"Halictidae","genus":"Lasioglossum","species":"Lasioglossum_umbripenne","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":200,"itd":1.2,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 90% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Wille and Orozco (1970)","year":1984,"region":"Central America","country":"Costa Rica","habitat":"pasture/rainforest","family":"Halictidae","genus":"Lasioglossum","species":"Lasioglossum_umbripenne","sex":"Female","range.type":"Typical","measure.type":"Potential","metric":"homing","distance":100,"itd":1.2,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"Return rate 50% From Greenleaf et al. (2007) Table S1"}
{"publication":"Wolf and Moritz (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Mean","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":126,"distance":267.2,"sd":180.3,"se":16.06,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Wolf and Moritz (2008)","year":2008,"region":"Europe","country":"Germany","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":126,"distance":800,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":""}
{"publication":"Wood (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_hortorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":1415,"itd":4.56,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"ELS"}
{"publication":"Wood (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_hortorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":282,"itd":4.56,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"HLS"}
{"publication":"Wood (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":746,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"HLS"}
{"publication":"Wood (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_lapidarius","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":484,"itd":4.21,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"ELS"}
{"publication":"Wood (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":377,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"HLS"}
{"publication":"Wood (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_pascuorum","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":313,"itd":4.41,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"ELS"}
{"publication":"Wood (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":1196,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"ELS"}
{"publication":"Wood (2015)","year":2015,"region":"Europe","country":"UK","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Apidae","genus":"Bombus","species":"Bombus_terrestris","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"molecular","distance":709,"itd":4.54,"sociality":"Primitively Eusocial","notes":"HLS"}
{"publication":"Zurbuchen (2010a)","year":2010,"region":"Europe","country":"Switzerland","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Chelostoma","species":"Chelostoma_rapunculi","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":35,"distance":1275,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Zurbuchen (2010a)","year":2010,"region":"Europe","country":"Switzerland","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Hoplitis","species":"Hoplitis_adunca","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":39,"distance":1400,"itd":2.46,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Zurbuchen (2010a)","year":2010,"region":"Europe","country":"Switzerland","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Colletidae","genus":"Hylaeus","species":"Hylaeus_punctulatissimus","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"associative","N":85,"distance":1100,"itd":1.47,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Foraging distance"}
{"publication":"Zurbuchen (2010b)","year":2010,"region":"Europe","country":"Switzerland","habitat":"Agriculture","family":"Megachilidae","genus":"Chelostoma","species":"Chelostoma_florisomne","sex":"Female","range.type":"Max","measure.type":"Realised","metric":"mark recapture","N":18,"distance":650,"itd":1.5,"sociality":"Solitary","notes":"Foraging distance"}